diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/CMakeLists.txt b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/CMakeLists.txt
index b40d858d8..cd805270e 100755
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,3 +31,15 @@ add_custom_command(TARGET spine_cpp_unit_test PRE_BUILD
 add_custom_command(TARGET spine_cpp_unit_test PRE_BUILD
 		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
 		${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../examples/goblins/export $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:spine_cpp_unit_test>/testdata/goblins)
+
+add_custom_command(TARGET spine_cpp_unit_test PRE_BUILD
+		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
+		${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../examples/coin/export $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:spine_cpp_unit_test>/testdata/coin)
+
+add_custom_command(TARGET spine_cpp_unit_test PRE_BUILD
+		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
+		${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../examples/tank/export $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:spine_cpp_unit_test>/testdata/tank)
+
+add_custom_command(TARGET spine_cpp_unit_test PRE_BUILD
+		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
+		${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../examples/stretchyman/export $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:spine_cpp_unit_test>/testdata/stretchyman)
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/src/main.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/src/main.cpp
index 97d85fe97..b03257a27 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/src/main.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp-unit-tests/src/main.cpp
@@ -33,18 +33,9 @@
 
 #include "TestHarness.h"
 
-
-#define R_JSON "testdata/raptor/raptor-pro.json"
-#define R_BINARY "testdata/raptor/raptor-pro.skel"
-#define R_ATLAS "testdata/raptor/raptor.atlas"
-
-#define SPINEBOY_JSON "testdata/spineboy/spineboy-pro.json"
-#define SPINEBOY_BINARY "testdata/spineboy/spineboy-pro.skel"
-#define SPINEBOY_ATLAS "testdata/spineboy/spineboy.atlas"
-
 using namespace Spine;
 
-void loadBinary(const char* binaryFile, const char* atlasFile, Atlas* &atlas, SkeletonData* &skeletonData, AnimationStateData* &stateData, Skeleton* &skeleton, AnimationState* &state) {
+void loadBinary(const String& binaryFile, const String& atlasFile, Atlas* &atlas, SkeletonData* &skeletonData, AnimationStateData* &stateData, Skeleton* &skeleton, AnimationState* &state) {
 	atlas = new (__FILE__, __LINE__) Atlas(atlasFile, NULL);
 	assert(atlas != NULL);
 
@@ -62,7 +53,7 @@ void loadBinary(const char* binaryFile, const char* atlasFile, Atlas* &atlas, Sk
 	state = new (__FILE__, __LINE__) AnimationState(stateData);
 }
 
-void loadJson(const char* jsonFile, const char* atlasFile, Atlas* &atlas, SkeletonData* &skeletonData, AnimationStateData* &stateData, Skeleton* &skeleton, AnimationState* &state) {
+void loadJson(const String& jsonFile, const String& atlasFile, Atlas* &atlas, SkeletonData* &skeletonData, AnimationStateData* &stateData, Skeleton* &skeleton, AnimationState* &state) {
 	atlas = new (__FILE__, __LINE__) Atlas(atlasFile, NULL);
 	assert(atlas != NULL);
 
@@ -88,25 +79,46 @@ void dispose(Atlas* atlas, SkeletonData* skeletonData, AnimationStateData* state
 	delete atlas;
 }
 
-void reproduceIssue_776() {
-	Atlas* atlas = NULL;
-	SkeletonData* skeletonData = NULL;
-	AnimationStateData* stateData = NULL;
-	Skeleton* skeleton = NULL;
-	AnimationState* state = NULL;
+struct TestData {
+	TestData(const String& jsonSkeleton, const String& binarySkeleton, const String& atlas) : _jsonSkeleton(jsonSkeleton), _binarySkeleton(binarySkeleton), _atlas(atlas) { }
 
-	loadJson(R_JSON, R_ATLAS, atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
-	dispose(atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+	String _jsonSkeleton;
+	String _binarySkeleton;
+	String _atlas;
+};
 
-	loadBinary(R_BINARY, R_ATLAS, atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
-	dispose(atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+void testLoading() {
+	Vector<TestData> testData;
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/coin/coin-pro.json", "testdata/coin/coin-pro.skel", "testdata/coin/coin.atlas"));
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/goblins/goblins-pro.json", "testdata/goblins/goblins-pro.skel", "testdata/goblins/goblins.atlas"));
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/raptor/raptor-pro.json", "testdata/raptor/raptor-pro.skel", "testdata/raptor/raptor.atlas"));
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/spineboy/spineboy-pro.json", "testdata/spineboy/spineboy-pro.skel", "testdata/spineboy/spineboy.atlas"));
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/stretchyman/stretchyman-pro.json", "testdata/stretchyman/stretchyman-pro.skel", "testdata/stretchyman/stretchyman.atlas"));
+	testData.add(TestData("testdata/tank/tank-pro.json", "testdata/tank/tank-pro.skel", "testdata/tank/tank.atlas"));
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < testData.size(); i++) {
+		TestData& data = testData[i];
+		Atlas* atlas = NULL;
+		SkeletonData* skeletonData = NULL;
+		AnimationStateData* stateData = NULL;
+		Skeleton* skeleton = NULL;
+		AnimationState* state = NULL;
+
+		printf("Loading %s\n", data._jsonSkeleton.buffer());
+		loadJson(data._jsonSkeleton, data._atlas, atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+		dispose(atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+
+		printf("Loading %s\n", data._binarySkeleton.buffer());
+		loadBinary(data._binarySkeleton, data._atlas, atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+		dispose(atlas, skeletonData, stateData, skeleton, state);
+	}
 }
 
 int main (int argc, char** argv) {
 	TestSpineExtension* ext = new TestSpineExtension();
 	SpineExtension::setInstance(ext);
 
- 	reproduceIssue_776();
+ 	testLoading();
 
 	ext->reportLeaks();
 }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Atlas.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Atlas.h
index e512901e0..e139ad59a 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Atlas.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Atlas.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Spine {
     
     class Atlas : public SpineObject {
     public:
-        Atlas(const char* path, TextureLoader* textureLoader);
+        Atlas(const String& path, TextureLoader* textureLoader);
         
         Atlas(const char* data, int length, const char* dir, TextureLoader* textureLoader);
         
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Color.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Color.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3705e96c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//
+// Created by Mario Zechner on 2/20/18.
+//
+
+#ifndef SPINE_COLOR_H
+#define SPINE_COLOR_H
+
+#include <spine/MathUtil.h>
+
+namespace Spine {
+	class Color {
+	public:
+		Color() : _r(0), _g(0), _b(0), _a(0) {}
+		Color(float r, float g, float b, float a) : _r(r), _g(g), _b(b), _a(a) {
+			clamp();
+		}
+
+		inline Color& set(float r, float g, float b, float a) {
+			_r = r;
+			_g = g;
+			_b = b;
+			_a = a;
+			clamp();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline Color& set(const Color& other) {
+			_r = other._r;
+			_g = other._g;
+			_b = other._b;
+			_a = other._a;
+			clamp();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline Color& add(float r, float g, float b, float a) {
+			_r += r;
+			_g += g;
+			_b += b;
+			_a += a;
+			clamp();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline Color& add(const Color& other) {
+			_r += other._r;
+			_g += other._g;
+			_b += other._b;
+			_a += other._a;
+			clamp();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline Color& clamp() {
+			_r = MathUtil::clamp(this->_r, 0, 1);
+			_g = MathUtil::clamp(this->_g, 0, 1);
+			_b = MathUtil::clamp(this->_b, 0, 1);
+			_a = MathUtil::clamp(this->_a, 0, 1);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		float _r, _g, _b, _a;
+	};
+}
+
+
+#endif //SPINE_COLOR_H
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Extension.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Extension.h
index 556e83794..b4be6a4ea 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Extension.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Extension.h
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 namespace Spine {
+    class String;
+
     class SpineExtension {
     public:
         template <typename T> static T* alloc(size_t num, const char* file, int line) {
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ namespace Spine {
             getInstance()->_free((void*)ptr, file, line);
         }
 
-        static char* readFile(const char* path, int* length) {
+        static char* readFile(const String& path, int* length) {
             return getInstance()->_readFile(path, length);
         }
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         /// If you provide a spineAllocFunc, you should also provide a spineFreeFunc
         virtual void _free(void* mem, const char* file, int line) = 0;
         
-        virtual char* _readFile(const char* path, int* length);
+        virtual char* _readFile(const String& path, int* length) = 0;
 
         SpineExtension();
 
@@ -94,6 +96,8 @@ namespace Spine {
         virtual void* _realloc(void* ptr, size_t size, const char* file, int line);
 
         virtual void _free(void* mem, const char* file, int line);
+
+        virtual char* _readFile(const String& path, int* length);
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/MeshAttachment.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/MeshAttachment.h
index eb457968d..f7597d36c 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/MeshAttachment.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/MeshAttachment.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include <spine/VertexAttachment.h>
 #include <spine/Vector.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 
 namespace Spine {
@@ -64,14 +65,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         Vector<short>& getTriangles();
         void setTriangles(Vector<short>& inValue);
         
-        float getR();
-        void setR(float inValue);
-        float getG();
-        void setG(float inValue);
-        float getB();
-        void setB(float inValue);
-        float getA();
-        void setA(float inValue);
+        Color& getColor();
         
         const String& getPath();
         void setPath(const String& inValue);
@@ -143,7 +137,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         float _regionV2;
         float _width;
         float _height;
-        float _r, _g, _b, _a;
+        Color _color;
         int _hullLength;
         bool _inheritDeform;
         bool _regionRotate;
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/RegionAttachment.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/RegionAttachment.h
index 22c20311f..7f83583f3 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/RegionAttachment.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/RegionAttachment.h
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 #define Spine_RegionAttachment_h
 
 #include <spine/Attachment.h>
-
 #include <spine/Vector.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
@@ -78,15 +78,8 @@ namespace Spine {
         void setWidth(float inValue);
         float getHeight();
         void setHeight(float inValue);
-        
-        float getR();
-        void setR(float inValue);
-        float getG();
-        void setG(float inValue);
-        float getB();
-        void setB(float inValue);
-        float getA();
-        void setA(float inValue);
+
+        Color& getColor();
 
         const String& getPath();
         void setPath(const String& inValue);
@@ -134,7 +127,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         float _regionV;
         float _regionU2;
         float _regionV2;
-        float _r, _g, _b, _a;
+        Color _color;
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonBinary.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonBinary.h
index 971b1b80a..b4c94973e 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonBinary.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonBinary.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <spine/Vector.h>
 #include <spine/SpineObject.h>
 #include <spine/String.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 namespace Spine {
     class SkeletonData;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         SkeletonData* readSkeletonData(const unsigned char* binary, int length);
         
-        SkeletonData* readSkeletonDataFile(const char* path);
+        SkeletonData* readSkeletonDataFile(const String& path);
         
     private:
         struct DataInput : public SpineObject {
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         int readInt(DataInput* input);
         
-        void readColor(DataInput* input, float *r, float *g, float *b, float *a);
+        void readColor(DataInput* input, Color& color);
         
         int readVarint(DataInput* input, bool optimizePositive);
         
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonJson.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonJson.h
index 87a673cba..752c48d0c 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonJson.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SkeletonJson.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ namespace Spine {
     class Atlas;
     class AttachmentLoader;
     class LinkedMesh;
+    class String;
     
     class SkeletonJson : public SpineObject {
     public:
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         ~SkeletonJson();
         
-        SkeletonData* readSkeletonDataFile(const char* path);
+        SkeletonData* readSkeletonDataFile(const String& path);
         
         SkeletonData* readSkeletonData(const char* json);
         
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         void readVertices(Json* attachmentMap, VertexAttachment* attachment, int verticesLength);
         
-        void setError(Json* root, const char* value1, const char* value2);
+        void setError(Json* root, const String& value1, const String& value2);
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Slot.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Slot.h
index ae5019451..b320420ae 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Slot.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/Slot.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include <spine/Vector.h>
 #include <spine/SpineObject.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
@@ -72,23 +73,11 @@ namespace Spine {
         Bone& getBone();
         Skeleton& getSkeleton();
         
-        float getR();
-        void setR(float inValue);
-        float getG();
-        void setG(float inValue);
-        float getB();
-        void setB(float inValue);
-        float getA();
-        void setA(float inValue);
-        
-        float getR2();
-        void setR2(float inValue);
-        float getG2();
-        void setG2(float inValue);
-        float getB2();
-        void setB2(float inValue);
-        bool hasSecondColor();
-        void setHasSecondColor(bool inValue);
+        Color& getColor();
+        Color& getDarkColor();
+
+        bool hasDarkColor();
+        void setHasDarkColor(bool inValue);
         
         /// May be NULL.
         Attachment* getAttachment();
@@ -104,9 +93,9 @@ namespace Spine {
         SlotData& _data;
         Bone& _bone;
         Skeleton& _skeleton;
-        float _r, _g, _b, _a;
-        float _r2, _g2, _b2;
-        bool _hasSecondColor;
+        Color _color;
+        Color _darkColor;
+        bool _hasDarkColor;
         Attachment* _attachment;
         float _attachmentTime;
         Vector<float> _attachmentVertices;
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SlotData.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SlotData.h
index 292b4ca0c..4c052c446 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SlotData.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/SlotData.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <spine/BlendMode.h>
 #include <spine/SpineObject.h>
 #include <spine/String.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 namespace Spine {
     class BoneData;
@@ -65,24 +66,12 @@ namespace Spine {
         const String& getName();
         
         BoneData& getBoneData();
-        
-        float getR();
-        void setR(float inValue);
-        float getG();
-        void setG(float inValue);
-        float getB();
-        void setB(float inValue);
-        float getA();
-        void setA(float inValue);
-        
-        float getR2();
-        void setR2(float inValue);
-        float getG2();
-        void setG2(float inValue);
-        float getB2();
-        void setB2(float inValue);
-        bool hasSecondColor();
-        void setHasSecondColor(bool inValue);
+
+        Color& getColor();
+        Color& getDarkColor();
+
+        bool hasDarkColor();
+        void setHasDarkColor(bool inValue);
         
         /// May be empty.
         const String& getAttachmentName();
@@ -95,9 +84,10 @@ namespace Spine {
         const int _index;
         String _name;
         BoneData& _boneData;
-        float _r, _g, _b, _a;
-        float _r2, _g2, _b2, _a2;
-        bool _hasSecondColor;
+        Color _color;
+        Color _darkColor;
+
+        bool _hasDarkColor;
         String _attachmentName;
         BlendMode _blendMode;
     };
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/String.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/String.h
index 219920091..ec0e9ff76 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/String.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/String.h
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace Spine {
 			return *this;
 		}
 
-		String& operator+ (const String& other) {
+		String& operator+= (const String& other) {
 			size_t len = other.length();
 			size_t thisLen = _length;
 			_length = _length + len;
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@ namespace Spine {
 			return *this;
 		}
 
+		friend String operator+ (const String& a, const String& b) {
+			return String(a) += b;
+		}
+
 		friend bool operator== (const String& a, const String& b) {
 			if (a._buffer == b._buffer) return true;
 			if (a._length != b._length) return false;
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/spine.h b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/spine.h
index 6300b873d..6ccb6bfc3 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/spine.h
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/include/spine/spine.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <spine/BoneData.h>
 #include <spine/BoundingBoxAttachment.h>
 #include <spine/ClippingAttachment.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 #include <spine/ColorTimeline.h>
 #include <spine/Constraint.h>
 #include <spine/ContainerUtil.h>
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/AnimationState.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/AnimationState.cpp
index b7759c40c..e7378877a 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/AnimationState.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/AnimationState.cpp
@@ -147,10 +147,8 @@ namespace Spine {
         int mixingToLast = static_cast<int>(mixingToArray.size()) - 1;
         Vector<Timeline*>& timelines = _animation->_timelines;
         int timelinesCount = static_cast<int>(timelines.size());
-        _timelineData.ensureCapacity(timelinesCount);
         _timelineData.setSize(timelinesCount);
         _timelineDipMix.clear();
-        _timelineDipMix.ensureCapacity(timelinesCount);
         _timelineDipMix.setSize(timelinesCount);
         
         // outer:
@@ -424,7 +422,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                 
                 bool firstFrame = current._timelinesRotation.size() == 0;
                 if (firstFrame) {
-                    current._timelinesRotation.ensureCapacity(timelines.size() << 1);
                     current._timelinesRotation.setSize(timelines.size() << 1);
                 }
                 Vector<float>& timelinesRotation = current._timelinesRotation;
@@ -780,8 +777,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         bool firstFrame = from->_timelinesRotation.size() == 0;
         if (firstFrame) {
-            // from.timelinesRotation.setSize
-            from->_timelinesRotation.ensureCapacity(timelines.size() << 1);
             from->_timelinesRotation.setSize(timelines.size() << 1);
         }
         
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Atlas.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Atlas.cpp
index 253fc1b1a..71916b5f6 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Atlas.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Atlas.cpp
@@ -37,20 +37,20 @@
 #include <cstring>
 
 namespace Spine {
-    Atlas::Atlas(const char* path, TextureLoader* textureLoader) : _textureLoader(textureLoader) {
+    Atlas::Atlas(const String& path, TextureLoader* textureLoader) : _textureLoader(textureLoader) {
         int dirLength;
         char *dir;
         int length;
         const char* data;
 
         /* Get directory from atlas path. */
-        const char* lastForwardSlash = strrchr(path, '/');
-        const char* lastBackwardSlash = strrchr(path, '\\');
+        const char* lastForwardSlash = strrchr(path.buffer(), '/');
+        const char* lastBackwardSlash = strrchr(path.buffer(), '\\');
         const char* lastSlash = lastForwardSlash > lastBackwardSlash ? lastForwardSlash : lastBackwardSlash;
         if (lastSlash == path) lastSlash++; /* Never drop starting slash. */
-        dirLength = (int)(lastSlash ? lastSlash - path : 0);
+        dirLength = (int)(lastSlash ? lastSlash - path.buffer() : 0);
         dir = SpineExtension::alloc<char>(dirLength + 1, __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        memcpy(dir, path, dirLength);
+        memcpy(dir, path.buffer(), dirLength);
         dir[dirLength] = '\0';
 
         data = SpineExtension::readFile(path, &length);
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                 if (count == 4) {
                     /* split is optional */
-                    region->splits.ensureCapacity(4);
                     region->splits.setSize(4);
                     region->splits[0] = toInt(tuple);
                     region->splits[1] = toInt(tuple + 1);
@@ -210,7 +209,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                     if (count == 4) {
                         /* pad is optional, but only present with splits */
-                        region->pads.ensureCapacity(4);
                         region->pads.setSize(4);
                         region->pads[0] = toInt(tuple);
                         region->pads[1] = toInt(tuple + 1);
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/ColorTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/ColorTimeline.cpp
index 639012de3..ab582afe2 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/ColorTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/ColorTimeline.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     const int ColorTimeline::A = 4;
     
     ColorTimeline::ColorTimeline(int frameCount) : CurveTimeline(frameCount), _slotIndex(0) {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount * ENTRIES);
         _frames.setSize(frameCount * ENTRIES);
     }
     
@@ -64,17 +63,16 @@ namespace Spine {
             SlotData& slotData = slot._data;
             switch (pose) {
                 case MixPose_Setup:
-                    slot._r = slotData._r;
-                    slot._g = slotData._g;
-                    slot._b = slotData._b;
-                    slot._a = slotData._a;
+                    slot.getColor().set(slotData.getColor());
                     return;
-                case MixPose_Current:
-                    slot._r += (slot._r - slotData._r) * alpha;
-                    slot._g += (slot._g - slotData._g) * alpha;
-                    slot._b += (slot._b - slotData._b) * alpha;
-                    slot._a += (slot._a - slotData._a) * alpha;
+                case MixPose_Current: {
+                    Color &color = slot.getColor();
+                    Color &setup = slot.getData().getColor();
+                    color.add((setup._r - color._r) * alpha, (setup._g - color._g) * alpha,
+                              (setup._b - color._b) * alpha,
+                              (setup._a - color._a) * alpha);
                     return;
+                }
                 case MixPose_CurrentLayered:
                 default:
                     return;
@@ -107,29 +105,11 @@ namespace Spine {
         }
         
         if (alpha == 1) {
-            slot._r = r;
-            slot._g = g;
-            slot._b = b;
-            slot._a = a;
-        }
-        else {
-            float br, bg, bb, ba;
-            if (pose == MixPose_Setup) {
-                br = slot._data._r;
-                bg = slot._data._g;
-                bb = slot._data._b;
-                ba = slot._data._a;
-            }
-            else {
-                br = slot._r;
-                bg = slot._g;
-                bb = slot._b;
-                ba = slot._a;
-            }
-            slot._r = br + ((r - br) * alpha);
-            slot._g = bg + ((g - bg) * alpha);
-            slot._b = bb + ((b - bb) * alpha);
-            slot._a = ba + ((a - ba) * alpha);
+            slot.getColor().set(r, g, b, a);
+        } else {
+            Color& color = slot.getColor();
+            if (pose == MixPose_Setup) color.set(slot.getData().getColor());
+            color.add((r - color._r) * alpha, (g - color._g) * alpha, (b - color._b) * alpha, (a - color._a) * alpha);
         }
     }
     
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/CurveTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/CurveTimeline.cpp
index 431cf372a..01624e1a2 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/CurveTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/CurveTimeline.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     CurveTimeline::CurveTimeline(int frameCount) {
         assert(frameCount > 0);
 
-        _curves.ensureCapacity((frameCount - 1) * BEZIER_SIZE);
         _curves.setSize((frameCount - 1) * BEZIER_SIZE);
     }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/DeformTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/DeformTimeline.cpp
index 660e37daa..7d0bd5799 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/DeformTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/DeformTimeline.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                     }
                     
                     // Ensure size and preemptively set count.
-                    vertices.ensureCapacity(vertexCount);
                     vertices.setSize(vertexCount);
                     
                     if (vertexAttachment->_bones.size() == 0) {
@@ -111,7 +110,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         }
         
         // Ensure size and preemptively set count.
-        vertices.ensureCapacity(vertexCount);
         vertices.setSize(vertexCount);
         
         if (time >= _frames[_frames.size() - 1]) {
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/EventTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/EventTimeline.cpp
index be8a18ee5..65afe92cb 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/EventTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/EventTimeline.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     RTTI_IMPL(EventTimeline, Timeline);
     
     EventTimeline::EventTimeline(int frameCount) : Timeline() {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount);
-		_events.ensureCapacity(frameCount);
-        
         _frames.setSize(frameCount);
         _events.setSize(frameCount);
     }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Extension.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Extension.cpp
index dac41cab1..bc5714e09 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Extension.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Extension.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 *****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <spine/Extension.h>
+#include <spine/String.h>
 
 #include <fstream>
 #include <assert.h>
@@ -53,22 +54,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         // Empty
     }
     
-    char* SpineExtension::_readFile(const char* path, int* length) {
-        char *data;
-        FILE *file = fopen(path, "rb");
-        if (!file) return 0;
-        
-        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
-        *length = (int)ftell(file);
-        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
-        
-        data = SpineExtension::alloc<char>(*length, __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        fread(data, 1, *length, file);
-        fclose(file);
-        
-        return data;
-    }
-    
     SpineExtension::SpineExtension() {
         // Empty
     }
@@ -109,6 +94,22 @@ namespace Spine {
     void DefaultSpineExtension::_free(void* mem, const char* file, int line) {
         ::free(mem);
     }
+
+    char* DefaultSpineExtension::_readFile(const String &path, int *length) {
+        char *data;
+        FILE *file = fopen(path.buffer(), "rb");
+        if (!file) return 0;
+
+        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+        *length = (int)ftell(file);
+        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+        data = SpineExtension::alloc<char>(*length, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+        fread(data, 1, *length, file);
+        fclose(file);
+
+        return data;
+    }
     
     DefaultSpineExtension::DefaultSpineExtension() : SpineExtension() {
         // Empty
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/IkConstraintTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/IkConstraintTimeline.cpp
index e5d7d403a..03a7fb0a5 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/IkConstraintTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/IkConstraintTimeline.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     const int IkConstraintTimeline::BEND_DIRECTION = 2;
     
     IkConstraintTimeline::IkConstraintTimeline(int frameCount) : CurveTimeline(frameCount), _ikConstraintIndex(0) {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount * ENTRIES);
         _frames.setSize(frameCount * ENTRIES);
     }
     
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/MeshAttachment.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/MeshAttachment.cpp
index 01995cdee..de9dac89a 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/MeshAttachment.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/MeshAttachment.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
 *****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <spine/MeshAttachment.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
-namespace Spine {
+    namespace Spine {
     RTTI_IMPL(MeshAttachment, VertexAttachment);
     
     MeshAttachment::MeshAttachment(const String& name) : VertexAttachment(name),
@@ -49,10 +50,7 @@ namespace Spine {
     _regionV2(0),
     _width(0),
     _height(0),
-    _r(1),
-    _g(1),
-    _b(1),
-    _a(1),
+    _color(1, 1, 1, 1),
     _hullLength(0),
     _inheritDeform(false),
     _regionRotate(false) {
@@ -62,7 +60,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     void MeshAttachment::updateUVs() {
         float u = _regionU, v = _regionV, width = _regionU2 - _regionU, height = _regionV2 - _regionV;
         if (_uvs.size() != _regionUVs.size()) {
-			_uvs.ensureCapacity(_regionUVs.size());
             _uvs.setSize(_regionUVs.size());
         }
         
@@ -116,38 +113,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         _triangles = inValue;
     }
     
-    float MeshAttachment::getR() {
-        return _r;
-    }
-    
-    void MeshAttachment::setR(float inValue) {
-        _r = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float MeshAttachment::getG() {
-        return _g;
-    }
-    
-    void MeshAttachment::setG(float inValue) {
-        _g = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float MeshAttachment::getB() {
-        return _b;
-    }
-    
-    void MeshAttachment::setB(float inValue) {
-        _b = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float MeshAttachment::getA() {
-        return _a;
-    }
-    
-    void MeshAttachment::setA(float inValue) {
-        _a = inValue;
-    }
-    
     const String& MeshAttachment::getPath() {
         return _path;
     }
@@ -302,4 +267,8 @@ namespace Spine {
     void MeshAttachment::setHeight(float inValue) {
         _height = inValue;
     }
+
+    Spine::Color& MeshAttachment::getColor() {
+        return _color;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraint.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraint.cpp
index aa333302e..629e59558 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraint.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraint.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             _bones.add(skeleton.findBone(boneData->getName()));
         }
 
-        _segments.ensureCapacity(10);
         _segments.setSize(10);
     }
     
@@ -96,12 +95,10 @@ namespace Spine {
         bool tangents = rotateMode == RotateMode_Tangent, scale = rotateMode == RotateMode_ChainScale;
         size_t boneCount = _bones.size();
         int spacesCount = static_cast<int>(tangents ? boneCount : boneCount + 1);
-        _spaces.ensureCapacity(spacesCount);
         _spaces.setSize(spacesCount);
         float spacing = _spacing;
         if (scale || lengthSpacing) {
             if (scale) {
-                _lengths.ensureCapacity(boneCount);
                 _lengths.setSize(boneCount);
             }
             
@@ -268,7 +265,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     Vector<float> PathConstraint::computeWorldPositions(PathAttachment& path, int spacesCount, bool tangents, bool percentPosition, bool percentSpacing) {
         Slot& target = *_target;
         float position = _position;
-        _positions.ensureCapacity(spacesCount * 3 + 2);
         _positions.setSize(spacesCount * 3 + 2);
         bool closed = path.isClosed();
         int verticesLength = path.getWorldVerticesLength();
@@ -290,7 +286,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                 }
             }
 
-            _world.ensureCapacity(8);
             _world.setSize(8);
             for (int i = 0, o = 0, curve = 0; i < spacesCount; i++, o += 3) {
                 float space = _spaces[i];
@@ -362,7 +357,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         // World vertices.
         if (closed) {
             verticesLength += 2;
-            _world.ensureCapacity(verticesLength);
             _world.setSize(verticesLength);
             path.computeWorldVertices(target, 2, verticesLength - 4, _world, 0);
             path.computeWorldVertices(target, 0, 2, _world, verticesLength - 4);
@@ -372,13 +366,11 @@ namespace Spine {
         else {
             curveCount--;
             verticesLength -= 4;
-            _world.ensureCapacity(verticesLength);
             _world.setSize(verticesLength);
             path.computeWorldVertices(target, 2, verticesLength, _world, 0);
         }
         
         // Curve lengths.
-        _curves.ensureCapacity(curveCount);
         _curves.setSize(curveCount);
         pathLength = 0;
         float x1 = _world[0], y1 = _world[1], cx1 = 0, cy1 = 0, cx2 = 0, cy2 = 0, x2 = 0, y2 = 0;
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintMixTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintMixTimeline.cpp
index e31f2ad8a..6c8d8266f 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintMixTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintMixTimeline.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     const int PathConstraintMixTimeline::TRANSLATE = 2;
     
     PathConstraintMixTimeline::PathConstraintMixTimeline(int frameCount) : CurveTimeline(frameCount), _pathConstraintIndex(0) {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount * ENTRIES);
         _frames.setSize(frameCount * ENTRIES);
     }
     
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintPositionTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintPositionTimeline.cpp
index 68f745f14..2f5489d1c 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintPositionTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/PathConstraintPositionTimeline.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     const int PathConstraintPositionTimeline::VALUE = 1;
     
     PathConstraintPositionTimeline::PathConstraintPositionTimeline(int frameCount) : CurveTimeline(frameCount), _pathConstraintIndex(0) {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount * ENTRIES);
         _frames.setSize(frameCount * ENTRIES);
     }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RegionAttachment.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RegionAttachment.cpp
index e781a97b4..433cac3bf 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RegionAttachment.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RegionAttachment.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <spine/MathUtil.h>
 
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <spine/Color.h>
 
 namespace Spine {
     RTTI_IMPL(RegionAttachment, Attachment);
@@ -68,13 +69,7 @@ namespace Spine {
     _regionV(0),
     _regionU2(0),
     _regionV2(0),
-    _r(0),
-    _g(0),
-    _b(0),
-    _a(0) {
-        _offset.ensureCapacity(NUM_UVS);
-        _uvs.ensureCapacity(NUM_UVS);
-        
+    _color(1, 1, 1, 1) {
         _offset.setSize(NUM_UVS);
         _uvs.setSize(NUM_UVS);
     }
@@ -217,38 +212,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         _height = inValue;
     }
     
-    float RegionAttachment::getR() {
-        return _r;
-    }
-    
-    void RegionAttachment::setR(float inValue) {
-        _r = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float RegionAttachment::getG() {
-        return _g;
-    }
-    
-    void RegionAttachment::setG(float inValue) {
-        _g = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float RegionAttachment::getB() {
-        return _b;
-    }
-    
-    void RegionAttachment::setB(float inValue) {
-        _b = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float RegionAttachment::getA() {
-        return _a;
-    }
-    
-    void RegionAttachment::setA(float inValue) {
-        _a = inValue;
-    }
-    
     const String& RegionAttachment::getPath() {
         return _path;
     }
@@ -320,4 +283,8 @@ namespace Spine {
     Vector<float>& RegionAttachment::getUVs() {
         return _uvs;
     }
+
+    Spine::Color& RegionAttachment::getColor() {
+        return _color;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RotateTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RotateTimeline.cpp
index 931f9a7c8..1d3463141 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RotateTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/RotateTimeline.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     RTTI_IMPL(RotateTimeline, CurveTimeline);
     
     RotateTimeline::RotateTimeline(int frameCount) : CurveTimeline(frameCount), _boneIndex(0) {
-		_frames.ensureCapacity(frameCount << 1);
         _frames.setSize(frameCount << 1);
     }
     
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Skeleton.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Skeleton.cpp
index 7450ce6ca..148d8bd2c 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Skeleton.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Skeleton.cpp
@@ -416,7 +416,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                 verticesLength = 8;
                 if (outVertexBuffer.size() < 8) {
-                    outVertexBuffer.ensureCapacity(8);
                     outVertexBuffer.setSize(8);
                 }
                 regionAttachment->computeWorldVertices(slot->getBone(), outVertexBuffer, 0);
@@ -426,7 +425,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                 verticesLength = mesh->getWorldVerticesLength();
                 if (outVertexBuffer.size() < verticesLength) {
-                    outVertexBuffer.ensureCapacity(verticesLength);
                     outVertexBuffer.setSize(verticesLength);
                 }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBinary.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBinary.cpp
index 348c6ab86..07dfb6c2f 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBinary.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBinary.cpp
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ namespace Spine {
     
     SkeletonBinary::~SkeletonBinary() {
         ContainerUtil::cleanUpVectorOfPointers(_linkedMeshes);
+        _linkedMeshes.clear();
         
         if (_ownsLoader) {
             delete _attachmentLoader;
@@ -154,7 +155,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         
         /* Bones. */
         int bonesCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_bones.ensureCapacity(bonesCount);
         skeletonData->_bones.setSize(bonesCount);
         for (i = 0; i < bonesCount; ++i) {
             BoneData* data;
@@ -201,7 +201,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
         /* Slots. */
         int slotsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_slots.ensureCapacity(slotsCount);
         skeletonData->_slots.setSize(slotsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < slotsCount; ++i) {
             int r, g, b, a;
@@ -210,15 +209,14 @@ namespace Spine {
             
             SlotData* slotData = new (__FILE__, __LINE__) SlotData(i, String(slotName, true), *boneData);
 
-            readColor(input, &slotData->_r, &slotData->_g, &slotData->_b, &slotData->_a);
+            readColor(input, slotData->getColor());
             r = readByte(input);
             g = readByte(input);
             b = readByte(input);
             a = readByte(input);
             if (!(r == 0xff && g == 0xff && b == 0xff && a == 0xff)) {
-                slotData->_r2 = r / 255.0f;
-                slotData->_g2 = g / 255.0f;
-                slotData->_b2 = b / 255.0f;
+                slotData->getDarkColor().set(r / 255.0f, g  / 255.0f, b / 255.0f, 0);
+                slotData->setHasDarkColor(true);
             }
             slotData->_attachmentName.own(readString(input));
             slotData->_blendMode = static_cast<BlendMode>(readVarint(input, true));
@@ -228,7 +226,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
         /* IK constraints. */
         int ikConstraintsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_ikConstraints.ensureCapacity(ikConstraintsCount);
         skeletonData->_ikConstraints.setSize(ikConstraintsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < ikConstraintsCount; ++i) {
             const char* name = readString(input);
@@ -238,7 +235,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             data->_order = readVarint(input, true);
 
             int bonesCount = readVarint(input, true);
-            data->_bones.ensureCapacity(bonesCount);
             data->_bones.setSize(bonesCount);
             for (ii = 0; ii < bonesCount; ++ii) {
                 data->_bones[ii] = skeletonData->_bones[readVarint(input, true)];
@@ -252,7 +248,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
         /* Transform constraints. */
         int transformConstraintsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_transformConstraints.ensureCapacity(transformConstraintsCount);
         skeletonData->_transformConstraints.setSize(transformConstraintsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < transformConstraintsCount; ++i) {
             const char* name = readString(input);
@@ -261,7 +256,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             
             data->_order = readVarint(input, true);
             int bonesCount = readVarint(input, true);
-            data->_bones.ensureCapacity(bonesCount);
             data->_bones.setSize(bonesCount);
             for (ii = 0; ii < bonesCount; ++ii) {
                 data->_bones[ii] = skeletonData->_bones[readVarint(input, true)];
@@ -285,7 +279,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
         /* Path constraints */
         int pathConstraintsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_pathConstraints.ensureCapacity(pathConstraintsCount);
         skeletonData->_pathConstraints.setSize(pathConstraintsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < pathConstraintsCount; ++i) {
             const char* name = readString(input);
@@ -295,7 +288,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             data->_order = readVarint(input, true);
             
             int bonesCount = readVarint(input, true);
-            data->_bones.ensureCapacity(bonesCount);
             data->_bones.setSize(bonesCount);
             for (ii = 0; ii < bonesCount; ++ii) {
                 data->_bones[ii] = skeletonData->_bones[readVarint(input, true)];
@@ -328,7 +320,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             ++skinsCount;
         }
 
-        skeletonData->_skins.ensureCapacity(skinsCount);
         skeletonData->_skins.setSize(skinsCount);
 
         if (skeletonData->_defaultSkin) {
@@ -362,11 +353,11 @@ namespace Spine {
             linkedMesh->_mesh->_parentMesh = static_cast<MeshAttachment*>(parent);
             linkedMesh->_mesh->updateUVs();
         }
+        ContainerUtil::cleanUpVectorOfPointers(_linkedMeshes);
         _linkedMeshes.clear();
 
         /* Events. */
         int eventsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_events.ensureCapacity(eventsCount);
         skeletonData->_events.setSize(eventsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < eventsCount; ++i) {
             const char* name = readString(input);
@@ -380,7 +371,6 @@ namespace Spine {
 
         /* Animations. */
         int animationsCount = readVarint(input, true);
-        skeletonData->_animations.ensureCapacity(animationsCount);
         skeletonData->_animations.setSize(animationsCount);
         for (i = 0; i < animationsCount; ++i) {
             const char* name = readString(input);
@@ -399,12 +389,12 @@ namespace Spine {
         return skeletonData;
     }
     
-    SkeletonData* SkeletonBinary::readSkeletonDataFile(const char* path) {
+    SkeletonData* SkeletonBinary::readSkeletonDataFile(const String& path) {
         int length;
         SkeletonData* skeletonData;
-        const char* binary = SpineExtension::readFile(path, &length);
+        const char* binary = SpineExtension::readFile(path.buffer(), &length);
         if (length == 0 || !binary) {
-            setError("Unable to read skeleton file: ", path);
+            setError("Unable to read skeleton file: ", path.buffer());
             return NULL;
         }
         skeletonData = readSkeletonData((unsigned char*)binary, length);
@@ -471,11 +461,11 @@ namespace Spine {
         return result;
     }
     
-    void SkeletonBinary::readColor(DataInput* input, float *r, float *g, float *b, float *a) {
-        *r = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
-        *g = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
-        *b = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
-        *a = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
+    void SkeletonBinary::readColor(DataInput* input, Color& color) {
+        color._r = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
+        color._g = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
+        color._b = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
+        color._a = readByte(input) / 255.0f;
     }
     
     int SkeletonBinary::readVarint(DataInput* input, bool optimizePositive) {
@@ -555,7 +545,7 @@ namespace Spine {
                 region->_scaleY = readFloat(input);
                 region->_width = readFloat(input) * _scale;
                 region->_height = readFloat(input) * _scale;
-                readColor(input, &region->_r, &region->_g, &region->_b, &region->_a);
+                readColor(input, region->getColor());
                 region->updateOffset();
                 
                 if (freeName) {
@@ -587,7 +577,7 @@ namespace Spine {
                 }
                 mesh = _attachmentLoader->newMeshAttachment(*skin, String(name), String(path));
                 mesh->_path = String(path);
-                readColor(input, &mesh->_r, &mesh->_g, &mesh->_b, &mesh->_a);
+                readColor(input, mesh->getColor());
                 vertexCount = readVarint(input, true);
                 Vector<float> float_array = readFloatArray(input, vertexCount << 1, 1);
                 mesh->setRegionUVs(float_array);
@@ -624,7 +614,7 @@ namespace Spine {
                 
                 mesh = _attachmentLoader->newMeshAttachment(*skin, String(name), String(path));
                 mesh->_path = path;
-                readColor(input, &mesh->_r, &mesh->_g, &mesh->_b, &mesh->_a);
+                readColor(input, mesh->getColor());
                 skinName = readString(input);
                 parent = readString(input);
                 mesh->_inheritDeform = readBoolean(input);
@@ -653,7 +643,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                 vertexCount = readVarint(input, true);
                 readVertices(input, static_cast<VertexAttachment*>(path), vertexCount);
                 int lengthsLength = vertexCount / 3;
-                path->_lengths.ensureCapacity(lengthsLength);
                 path->_lengths.setSize(lengthsLength);
                 for (i = 0; i < lengthsLength; ++i) {
                     path->_lengths[i] = readFloat(input) * _scale;
@@ -741,7 +730,6 @@ namespace Spine {
     
     Vector<float> SkeletonBinary::readFloatArray(DataInput *input, int n, float scale) {
         Vector<float> array;
-        array.ensureCapacity(n);
         array.setSize(n);
         
         int i;
@@ -763,7 +751,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         int n = readVarint(input, true);
         
         Vector<short> array;
-        array.ensureCapacity(n);
         array.setSize(n);
         
         int i;
@@ -1079,13 +1066,13 @@ namespace Spine {
                 int offsetCount = readVarint(input, true);
                 
                 Vector<int> drawOrder;
-                drawOrder.ensureCapacity(slotCount);
+                drawOrder.setSize(slotCount);
                 for (int ii = slotCount - 1; ii >= 0; --ii) {
                     drawOrder[ii] = -1;
                 }
                 
                 Vector<int> unchanged;
-                unchanged.ensureCapacity(slotCount - offsetCount);
+                unchanged.setSize(slotCount - offsetCount);
                 int originalIndex = 0, unchangedIndex = 0;
                 for (int ii = 0; ii < offsetCount; ++ii) {
                     int slotIndex = readVarint(input, true);
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBounds.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBounds.cpp
index d54b469a5..90e29cf4d 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBounds.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonBounds.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace Spine {
             int count = boundingBox->getWorldVerticesLength();
             polygon._count = count;
             if (polygon._vertices.size() < count) {
-                polygon._vertices.ensureCapacity(count);
+                polygon._vertices.setSize(count);
             }
             boundingBox->computeWorldVertices(*slot, polygon._vertices);
         }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonClipping.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonClipping.cpp
index f196ba5f6..005cf909f 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonClipping.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonClipping.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ namespace Spine {
         _clipAttachment = clip;
 
         int n = clip->getWorldVerticesLength();
-		_clippingPolygon.ensureCapacity(n);
         _clippingPolygon.setSize(n);
         clip->computeWorldVertices(slot, 0, n, _clippingPolygon, 0, 2);
         makeClockwise(_clippingPolygon);
@@ -122,9 +121,7 @@ namespace Spine {
                     float d = 1 / (d0 * d2 + d1 * (y1 - y3));
 
                     int clipOutputCount = clipOutputLength >> 1;
-					clippedVertices.ensureCapacity(s + clipOutputCount * 2);
                     clippedVertices.setSize(s + clipOutputCount * 2);
-					_clippedUVs.ensureCapacity(s + clipOutputCount * 2);
                     _clippedUVs.setSize(s + clipOutputCount * 2);
                     for (int ii = 0; ii < clipOutputLength; ii += 2) {
                         float x = clipOutput[ii], y = clipOutput[ii + 1];
@@ -140,7 +137,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                     }
 
                     s = static_cast<int>(clippedTriangles.size());
-					clippedTriangles.ensureCapacity(s + 3 * (clipOutputCount - 2));
                     clippedTriangles.setSize(s + 3 * (clipOutputCount - 2));
                     clipOutputCount--;
                     for (int ii = 1; ii < clipOutputCount; ii++) {
@@ -152,9 +148,7 @@ namespace Spine {
                     index += clipOutputCount + 1;
                 }
                 else {
-					clippedVertices.ensureCapacity(s + 3 * 2);
                     clippedVertices.setSize(s + 3 * 2);
-					_clippedUVs.ensureCapacity(s + 3 * 2);
                     _clippedUVs.setSize(s + 3 * 2);
                     clippedVertices[s] = x1;
                     clippedVertices[s + 1] = y1;
@@ -171,7 +165,6 @@ namespace Spine {
                     _clippedUVs[s + 5] = v3;
 
                     s = static_cast<int>(clippedTriangles.size());
-					clippedTriangles.ensureCapacity(s + 3);
                     clippedTriangles.setSize(s + 3);
                     clippedTriangles[s] = index;
                     clippedTriangles[s + 1] = index + 1;
@@ -287,7 +280,6 @@ namespace Spine {
             }
         }
         else {
-			originalOutput.ensureCapacity(originalOutput.size() - 2);
             originalOutput.setSize(originalOutput.size() - 2);
         }
 
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonJson.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonJson.cpp
index f62462910..ba151fbe1 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonJson.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SkeletonJson.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Spine {
         }
     }
     
-    SkeletonData* SkeletonJson::readSkeletonDataFile(const char* path) {
+    SkeletonData* SkeletonJson::readSkeletonDataFile(const String& path) {
         int length;
         SkeletonData* skeletonData;
         const char* json = SpineExtension::readFile(path, &length);
@@ -218,19 +218,21 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                 color = Json::getString(slotMap, "color", 0);
                 if (color) {
-                    data->_r = toColor(color, 0);
-                    data->_g = toColor(color, 1);
-                    data->_b = toColor(color, 2);
-                    data->_a = toColor(color, 3);
+					Color& c = data->getColor();
+                    c._r = toColor(color, 0);
+                    c._g = toColor(color, 1);
+                    c._b = toColor(color, 2);
+                    c._a = toColor(color, 3);
                 }
 
                 dark = Json::getString(slotMap, "dark", 0);
                 if (dark) {
-                    data->_r2 = toColor(dark, 0);
-                    data->_g2 = toColor(dark, 1);
-                    data->_b2 = toColor(dark, 2);
-                    data->_a2 = toColor(dark, 3);
-                    data->_hasSecondColor = true;
+					Color& darkColor = data->getDarkColor();
+					darkColor._r = toColor(dark, 0);
+					darkColor._g = toColor(dark, 1);
+					darkColor._b = toColor(dark, 2);
+					darkColor._a = toColor(dark, 3);
+                    data->setHasDarkColor(true);
                 }
 
                 item = Json::getItem(slotMap, "attachment");
@@ -504,10 +506,10 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                                 color = Json::getString(attachmentMap, "color", 0);
                                 if (color) {
-                                    region->_r = toColor(color, 0);
-                                    region->_g = toColor(color, 1);
-                                    region->_b = toColor(color, 2);
-                                    region->_a = toColor(color, 3);
+                                    region->getColor()._r = toColor(color, 0);
+                                    region->getColor()._g = toColor(color, 1);
+                                    region->getColor()._b = toColor(color, 2);
+                                    region->getColor()._a = toColor(color, 3);
                                 }
 
                                 region->updateOffset();
@@ -523,10 +525,10 @@ namespace Spine {
 
                                 color = Json::getString(attachmentMap, "color", 0);
                                 if (color) {
-                                    mesh->_r = toColor(color, 0);
-                                    mesh->_g = toColor(color, 1);
-                                    mesh->_b = toColor(color, 2);
-                                    mesh->_a = toColor(color, 3);
+                                    mesh->getColor()._r = toColor(color, 0);
+                                    mesh->getColor()._g = toColor(color, 1);
+                                    mesh->getColor()._b = toColor(color, 2);
+                                    mesh->getColor()._a = toColor(color, 3);
                                 }
 
                                 mesh->_width = Json::getFloat(attachmentMap, "width", 32) * _scale;
@@ -652,6 +654,7 @@ namespace Spine {
             linkedMesh->_mesh->_parentMesh = static_cast<MeshAttachment*>(parent);
             linkedMesh->_mesh->updateUVs();
         }
+        ContainerUtil::cleanUpVectorOfPointers(_linkedMeshes);
         _linkedMeshes.clear();
 
         /* Events. */
@@ -1215,16 +1218,8 @@ namespace Spine {
         attachment->setBones(bonesAndWeights._bones);
     }
     
-    void SkeletonJson::setError(Json* root, const char* value1, const char* value2) {
-        char message[256];
-        int length;
-        strcpy(message, value1);
-        length = (int)strlen(value1);
-        if (value2) {
-            strncat(message + length, value2, 255 - length);
-        }
-        
-        _error = String(message);
+    void SkeletonJson::setError(Json* root, const String& value1, const String& value2) {
+        _error = String(value1 + value2);
 
         delete root;
     }
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Slot.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Slot.cpp
index f27201398..615ac6e62 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Slot.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/Slot.cpp
@@ -40,24 +40,16 @@ namespace Spine {
     _data(data),
     _bone(bone),
     _skeleton(bone.getSkeleton()),
-    _r(1),
-    _g(1),
-    _b(1),
-    _a(1),
-    _r2(0),
-    _g2(0),
-    _b2(0),
-    _hasSecondColor(false),
+    _color(1, 1, 1, 1),
+    _darkColor(0, 0, 0, 0),
+    _hasDarkColor(false),
     _attachment(NULL),
     _attachmentTime(0) {
         setToSetupPose();
     }
     
     void Slot::setToSetupPose() {
-        _r = _data.getR();
-        _g = _data.getG();
-        _b = _data.getB();
-        _a = _data.getA();
+        _color.set(_data.getColor());
         
         const String& attachmentName = _data.getAttachmentName();
         if (attachmentName.length() > 0) {
@@ -81,68 +73,20 @@ namespace Spine {
         return _skeleton;
     }
     
-    float Slot::getR() {
-        return _r;
+    Color& Slot::getColor() {
+        return _color;
+    }
+
+    Color& Slot::getDarkColor() {
+        return _darkColor;
     }
     
-    void Slot::setR(float inValue) {
-        _r = inValue;
+    bool Slot::hasDarkColor() {
+        return _hasDarkColor;
     }
     
-    float Slot::getG() {
-        return _g;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setG(float inValue) {
-        _g = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float Slot::getB() {
-        return _b;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setB(float inValue) {
-        _b = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float Slot::getA() {
-        return _a;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setA(float inValue) {
-        _a = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float Slot::getR2() {
-        return _r2;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setR2(float inValue) {
-        _r2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float Slot::getG2() {
-        return _g2;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setG2(float inValue) {
-        _g2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float Slot::getB2() {
-        return _b2;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setB2(float inValue) {
-        _b2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    bool Slot::hasSecondColor() {
-        return _hasSecondColor;
-    }
-    
-    void Slot::setHasSecondColor(bool inValue) {
-        _hasSecondColor = inValue;
+    void Slot::setHasDarkColor(bool inValue) {
+        _hasDarkColor = inValue;
     }
     
     Attachment* Slot::getAttachment() {
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SlotData.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SlotData.cpp
index 029c3ae64..3d69521dd 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SlotData.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/SlotData.cpp
@@ -37,15 +37,9 @@ namespace Spine {
     _index(index),
     _name(name),
     _boneData(boneData),
-    _r(1),
-    _g(1),
-    _b(1),
-    _a(1),
-    _r2(0),
-    _g2(0),
-    _b2(0),
-    _a2(1),
-    _hasSecondColor(false),
+    _color(1, 1, 1, 1),
+    _darkColor(0, 0, 0, 0),
+    _hasDarkColor(false),
     _attachmentName(),
     _blendMode(BlendMode_Normal) {
         assert(_index >= 0);
@@ -63,69 +57,21 @@ namespace Spine {
     BoneData& SlotData::getBoneData() {
         return _boneData;
     }
-    
-    float SlotData::getR() {
-        return _r;
+
+    Color& SlotData::getColor() {
+        return _color;
     }
-    
-    void SlotData::setR(float inValue) {
-        _r = inValue;
+
+    Color& SlotData::getDarkColor() {
+        return _darkColor;
     }
-    
-    float SlotData::getG() {
-        return _g;
+
+    bool SlotData::hasDarkColor() {
+        return _hasDarkColor;
     }
-    
-    void SlotData::setG(float inValue) {
-        _g = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float SlotData::getB() {
-        return _b;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setB(float inValue) {
-        _b = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float SlotData::getA() {
-        return _a;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setA(float inValue) {
-        _a = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float SlotData::getR2() {
-        return _r2;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setR2(float inValue) {
-        _r2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float SlotData::getG2() {
-        return _g2;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setG2(float inValue) {
-        _g2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    float SlotData::getB2() {
-        return _b2;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setB2(float inValue) {
-        _b2 = inValue;
-    }
-    
-    bool SlotData::hasSecondColor() {
-        return _hasSecondColor;
-    }
-    
-    void SlotData::setHasSecondColor(bool inValue) {
-        _hasSecondColor = inValue;
+
+    void SlotData::setHasDarkColor(bool inValue) {
+        _hasDarkColor = inValue;
     }
     
     const String& SlotData::getAttachmentName() {
diff --git a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/TwoColorTimeline.cpp b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/TwoColorTimeline.cpp
index 95bcfadb8..bb66cea52 100644
--- a/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/TwoColorTimeline.cpp
+++ b/spine-cpp/spine-cpp/src/spine/TwoColorTimeline.cpp
@@ -71,23 +71,22 @@ namespace Spine {
             // Time is before first frame.
             switch (pose) {
                 case MixPose_Setup:
-                    slot._r = slot._data._r;
-                    slot._g = slot._data._g;
-                    slot._b = slot._data._b;
-                    slot._a = slot._data._a;
-                    slot._r2 = slot._data._r2;
-                    slot._g2 = slot._data._g2;
-                    slot._b2 = slot._data._b2;
+                    slot.getColor().set(slot.getData().getColor());
+                    slot.getDarkColor().set(slot.getData().getDarkColor());
                     return;
-                case MixPose_Current:
-                    slot._r += (slot._r - slot._data._r) * alpha;
-                    slot._g += (slot._g - slot._data._g) * alpha;
-                    slot._b += (slot._b - slot._data._b) * alpha;
-                    slot._a += (slot._a - slot._data._a) * alpha;
-                    slot._r2 += (slot._r2 - slot._data._r2) * alpha;
-                    slot._g2 += (slot._g2 - slot._data._g2) * alpha;
-                    slot._b2 += (slot._b2 - slot._data._b2) * alpha;
+                case MixPose_Current: {
+                    Color& color = slot.getColor();
+                    color._r += (color._r - slot._data.getColor()._r) * alpha;
+                    color._g += (color._g - slot._data.getColor()._g) * alpha;
+                    color._b += (color._b - slot._data.getColor()._b) * alpha;
+                    color._a += (color._a - slot._data.getColor()._a) * alpha;
+
+                    Color& darkColor = slot.getDarkColor();
+                    darkColor._r += (darkColor._r - slot._data.getDarkColor()._r) * alpha;
+                    darkColor._g += (darkColor._g - slot._data.getDarkColor()._g) * alpha;
+                    darkColor._b += (darkColor._b - slot._data.getDarkColor()._b) * alpha;
                     return;
+                }
                 case MixPose_CurrentLayered:
                 default:
                     return;
@@ -130,42 +129,51 @@ namespace Spine {
         }
         
         if (alpha == 1) {
-            slot._r = r;
-            slot._g = g;
-            slot._b = b;
-            slot._a = a;
-            slot._r2 = r2;
-            slot._g2 = g2;
-            slot._b2 = b2;
+            Color& color = slot.getColor();
+            color._r = r;
+            color._g = g;
+            color._b = b;
+            color._a = a;
+
+            Color& darkColor = slot.getDarkColor();
+            darkColor._r = r2;
+            darkColor._g = g2;
+            darkColor._b = b2;
         }
         else {
             float br, bg, bb, ba, br2, bg2, bb2;
             if (pose == MixPose_Setup) {
-                br = slot._data._r;
-                bg = slot._data._g;
-                bb = slot._data._b;
-                ba = slot._data._a;
-                br2 = slot._data._r2;
-                bg2 = slot._data._g2;
-                bb2 = slot._data._b2;
+                br = slot._data.getColor()._r;
+                bg = slot._data.getColor()._g;
+                bb = slot._data.getColor()._b;
+                ba = slot._data.getColor()._a;
+                br2 = slot._data.getDarkColor()._r;
+                bg2 = slot._data.getDarkColor()._g;
+                bb2 = slot._data.getDarkColor()._b;
             }
             else {
-                br = slot._r;
-                bg = slot._g;
-                bb = slot._b;
-                ba = slot._a;
-                br2 = slot._r2;
-                bg2 = slot._g2;
-                bb2 = slot._b2;
+                Color& color = slot.getColor();
+                br = color._r;
+                bg = color._g;
+                bb = color._b;
+                ba = color._a;
+
+                Color& darkColor = slot.getDarkColor();
+                br2 = darkColor._r;
+                bg2 = darkColor._g;
+                bb2 = darkColor._b;
             }
-            
-            slot._r = br + ((r - br) * alpha);
-            slot._g = bg + ((g - bg) * alpha);
-            slot._b = bb + ((b - bb) * alpha);
-            slot._a = ba + ((a - ba) * alpha);
-            slot._r2 = br2 + ((r2 - br2) * alpha);
-            slot._g2 = bg2 + ((g2 - bg2) * alpha);
-            slot._b2 = bb2 + ((b2 - bb2) * alpha);
+
+            Color& color = slot.getColor();
+            color._r = br + ((r - br) * alpha);
+            color._g = bg + ((g - bg) * alpha);
+            color._b = bb + ((b - bb) * alpha);
+            color._a = ba + ((a - ba) * alpha);
+
+            Color& darkColor = slot.getDarkColor();
+            darkColor._r = br2 + ((r2 - br2) * alpha);
+            darkColor._g = bg2 + ((g2 - bg2) * alpha);
+            darkColor._b = bb2 + ((b2 - bb2) * alpha);
         }
     }